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Chapter 1 Introduction to VMware ESX Server
Figure 1-3. virtual Machine configuration
In!Figure 1‐3,!each!virtual!machine!is!configured!with!one!CPU,!an!allocation!of!
memory!and!disk,!and!two!virtual!Ethernet!adapters.!In!reality,!they!share!the!same!
physical!CPU!and!access!noncontiguous!pages!of!memory!(with!part!of!the!memory!of!
one!of!the!virtual!machines!currently!swapped!
to!disk).!Their!virtual!disks!are!set!up!as!
files!on!a!common!file!system.
Each!of!the!example!virtual!machines!has!two!virtual!NICs.!Virtual!NICs!1a!and!2a!are!
attached!to!the!virtual!switch!that!is!bound!to!physical!NICs!1a!and!2a.!Virtual!NICs!1b!
and!2b!are!
attached!to!a!purely!virtual!switch.
Software Compatibility
In!the!VMware!ESX!Server!architecture,!guest!operating!systems!interact!only!with!the!
standard!x86‐compatible!virtual!hardware!presented!by!the!virtualization!layer.!This!
provides!the!capability!for!VMware!to!support!any!x86‐compatible!operating!system.
In!practice,!VMware!supports!a!subset!of!x86‐compatible!operating!systems!that!are!
tested!throughout!
the!product!development!cycle.!VMware!documents!the!installation!
and!operation!of!these!guest!operating!systems!and!trains!its!technical!personnel!in!
their!support.!
Because!applications!interact!only!with!their!guest!operating!system,!and!not!with!the!
underlying!virtual!hardware,!after!operating!system!compatibility!with!the!virtual!
hardware!is!established,!application!compatibility
!is!not!an!issue.
Virtual machine 1
Virtual machine 2
Memory
Disk
Physical resources
NIC
Virtual network
Memory Memory
Disk
Disk
NIC
NIC
NIC
NIC
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU1
CPU1
Mem1
Mem1
Mem1
Disk1
Disk1
NIC1a
NIC1a
NIC1b
NIC1b
CPU2
CPU2
Mem2
Mem2
Disk2
Disk2
Disk2
NIC2a
NIC2a
NIC2b
NIC2b
- Administration Guide 1
- 2 VMware, Inc 2
- 4 VMware, Inc 4
- VMware, Inc. 5 5
- 6 VMware, Inc 6
- VMware, Inc. 7 7
- 8 VMware, Inc 8
- Administering!ESX!Server 187 9
- 10 VMware, Inc 10
- VMware, Inc. 11 11
- Contents 11
- Storage!and!File!Systems 245 12
- VMware, Inc. 13 13
- 14 VMware, Inc 14
- 11 Networking 311 15
- 16 VMware, Inc 16
- Index 375 17
- 18 VMware, Inc 18
- VMware, Inc. 19 19
- About This Book 20
- Intended Audience 20
- Document Feedback 20
- Conventions and Abbreviations 20
- Self-Service Support 21
- Online and Telephone Support 22
- Support Offerings 22
- VMware Education Services 22
- Reporting Problems 22
- VMware, Inc. 23 23
- 24 VMware, Inc 24
- Introduction to VMware ESX 25
- Virtualization 26
- CPU Virtualization 27
- Memory Virtualization 27
- Disk Virtualization 27
- Network Virtualization 27
- Virtualization at a Glance 28
- Software Compatibility 29
- Service Console 30
- Using VMware ESX Server 31
- 32 VMware, Inc 32
- VMware, Inc. 33 33
- 34 VMware, Inc 34
- Working With ESX Server 35
- 36 VMware, Inc 36
- VMware, Inc. 37 37
- Table 1-5. Troubleshooting 38
- Creating and Configuring 39
- Virtual Machines 39
- 40 VMware, Inc 40
- VMware, Inc. 41 41
- 42 VMware, Inc 42
- VMware, Inc. 43 43
- 44 VMware, Inc 44
- VMware, Inc. 45 45
- 46 VMware, Inc 46
- VMware, Inc. 47 47
- 48 VMware, Inc 48
- VMware, Inc. 49 49
- 50 VMware, Inc 50
- 52 VMware, Inc 52
- VMware, Inc. 53 53
- 54 VMware, Inc 54
- VMware, Inc. 55 55
- 56 VMware, Inc 56
- Operating System 57
- VMware, Inc. 59 59
- Processor 60
- Linux Guest Operating Systems 61
- ESX Server 1.5.2 62
- 64 VMware, Inc 64
- 261/255/63 65
- Win2KSv1.dat 66
- VMware, Inc. 67 67
- Exporting Virtual Machines 68
- VMware, Inc. 69 69
- 70 VMware, Inc 70
- State Changes 71
- Issues to Consider 72
- Configuring Virtual Machines 73
- SleepWhenIdle 74
- Modifying the SMBIOS UUID 75
- 76 VMware, Inc 76
- VMware, Inc. 77 77
- Virtual Machine 78
- Using the VMware 79
- 80 VMware, Inc 80
- VMware, Inc. 83 83
- Using the Status Monitor 84
- VMware, Inc. 85 85
- 86 VMware, Inc 86
- VMware, Inc. 87 87
- 88 VMware, Inc 88
- VMware, Inc. 89 89
- Enabling Repeatable Resume 90
- VMware, Inc. 91 91
- 92 VMware, Inc 92
- VMware, Inc. 93 93
- Configuring a Virtual Machine 94
- VMware, Inc. 95 95
- 96 VMware, Inc 96
- Understanding Resource Values 97
- Modifying CPU Values 97
- Modifying Memory Values 99
- Modifying Disk Values 100
- Enabling Traffic Shaping 101
- 102 VMware, Inc 102
- VMware, Inc. 103 103
- 104 VMware, Inc 104
- VMware, Inc. 105 105
- 106 VMware, Inc 106
- VMware, Inc. 107 107
- 108 VMware, Inc 108
- VMware, Inc. 109 109
- 110 VMware, Inc 110
- VMware, Inc. 111 111
- 112 VMware, Inc 112
- The!Add!Device!wizard!starts 113
- 2Click!Hard!Disk.! 113
- 114 VMware, Inc 114
- VMware, Inc. 115 115
- 116 VMware, Inc 116
- VMware, Inc. 117 117
- 118 VMware, Inc 118
- VMware, Inc. 119 119
- 120 VMware, Inc 120
- VMware, Inc. 121 121
- 122 VMware, Inc 122
- VMware, Inc. 123 123
- 124 VMware, Inc 124
- VMware, Inc. 125 125
- 126 VMware, Inc 126
- VMware, Inc. 127 127
- 128 VMware, Inc 128
- VMware, Inc. 129 129
- 130 VMware, Inc 130
- VMware, Inc. 131 131
- 132 VMware, Inc 132
- VMware, Inc. 133 133
- 134 VMware, Inc 134
- Using Disk Modes 135
- Management Interface 136
- Managing ESX Server Resources 137
- Configuring VMware ESX Server 137
- Interface 138
- VMware, Inc. 139 139
- 140 VMware, Inc 140
- VMware, Inc. 141 141
- 142 VMware, Inc 142
- VMware, Inc. 143 143
- 144 VMware, Inc 144
- Creating a Flagship User 145
- Registering a Virtual Machine 146
- VMware, Inc. 147 147
- 148 VMware, Inc 148
- VMware, Inc. 149 149
- 150 VMware, Inc 150
- Backing Up Virtual Machines 151
- 152 VMware, Inc 152
- Downtime 153
- 154 VMware, Inc 154
- Using the VMware Service 155
- Console 155
- Managing the Service Console 156
- Identifying Network Cards 157
- Manipulating Files 158
- VMware, Inc. 171 159
- Finding and Viewing Files 160
- VMware, Inc. 173 161
- 174 VMware, Inc 162
- VMware, Inc. 175 163
- 176 VMware, Inc 164
- Switching User Names 165
- The proc File System 165
- 178 VMware, Inc 166
- VMware, Inc. 179 167
- Authenticating Users 168
- VMware, Inc. 181 169
- Default Permissions 170
- High Security 171
- Medium Security 171
- Low Security 171
- Using Devices With ESX Server 172
- VMware Remote Console 173
- 186 VMware, Inc 174
- Administering ESX Server 175
- Startup Profile 176
- Network Connections 176
- VMware, Inc. 189 177
- Creating Port Groups 178
- Configuring Physical Adapters 179
- Users and Groups 180
- VMware, Inc. 193 181
- Security Settings 182
- VMware, Inc. 195 183
- SNMP Configuration 184
- Licensing and Serial Numbers 184
- Storage Management 184
- Creating a Disk Partition 185
- 198 VMware, Inc 186
- Editing a Disk Partition 187
- 200 VMware, Inc 188
- Removing a Disk Partition 189
- Configuring Failover Policies 190
- Configuring Failover Paths 191
- Configuring a Swap File 191
- Adapter Bindings 192
- Advanced Settings 193
- Service Console Settings 194
- VMware, Inc. 207 195
- 208 VMware, Inc 196
- VMware, Inc. 209 197
- Viewing VMkernel Warnings 198
- Viewing VMkernel Messages 199
- Viewing Service Console Logs 200
- VMware, Inc. 213 201
- How Memory Is Utilized 202
- VMware, Inc. 215 203
- 216 VMware, Inc 204
- System Configuration Settings 205
- 218 VMware, Inc 206
- VMware, Inc. 219 207
- 220 VMware, Inc 208
- VMware, Inc. 221 209
- 222 VMware, Inc 210
- Using SNMP with ESX 211
- 224 VMware, Inc 212
- SNMP Traps 213
- 226 VMware, Inc 214
- 228 VMware, Inc 216
- /etc/rc.d/init.d/snmpd start 217
- Configuring SNMP 218
- Configuring SNMP Security 219
- 232 VMware, Inc 220
- VMware, Inc. 233 221
- 234 VMware, Inc 222
- VMware, Inc. 235 223
- 236 VMware, Inc 224
- VMware, Inc. 237 225
- 238 VMware, Inc 226
- Using VMkernel Device 227
- VMkernel Module Loader 228
- Parameters 229
- Examples 229
- Preparing to Load Modules 230
- Loading Modules 230
- VMware, Inc. 243 231
- # MANUAL-CONFIG 232
- Storage and File Systems 233
- 246 VMware, Inc 234
- VMFS Volumes 235
- Labelling VMFS Volumes 235
- VMFS Accessibility 236
- Using vmkfstools 237
- Basic vmkfstools Options 238
- -b --blocksize #[gGmMkK] 239
- 252 VMware, Inc 240
- Advanced vmkfstools Options 241
- 254 VMware, Inc 242
- VMware, Inc. 255 243
- Recovers a VMFS 244
- VMware, Inc. 257 245
- Activate a Swap File 246
- Deactivate a Swap File 246
- Examples Using vmkfstools 247
- Names a VMFS volume 248
- Accessing Raw SCSI Disks 249
- 262 VMware, Inc 250
- Determining SCSI Target IDs 251
- Sharing the SCSI Bus 252
- Setting Bus Sharing Options 253
- Understanding Storage Arrays 254
- Scanning for Devices and LUNs 255
- OTE LUN!0!cannot!be!masked.! 256
- Using IBM FAStT Disk Arrays 257
- Using Persistent Bindings 258
- VMware, Inc. 271 259
- 272 VMware, Inc 260
- VMware, Inc. 273 261
- 274 VMware, Inc 262
- VMware, Inc. 275 263
- Specifying Paths 264
- In Case of Failover 265
- 278 VMware, Inc 266
- Configuration for Clustering 267
- Clustering Virtual Machines 268
- Clustering Scenarios 269
- 282 VMware, Inc 270
- VMware, Inc. 283 271
- ESX Server Machine 272
- VMware, Inc. 285 273
- 286 VMware, Inc 274
- Cloning the Virtual Machine 275
- 288 VMware, Inc 276
- Network Device Configuration 277
- 290 VMware, Inc 278
- VMware, Inc. 291 279
- Server Machines 280
- VMware, Inc. 293 281
- VMware, Inc. 295 283
- 296 VMware, Inc 284
- Software!with!ESX!Server 285
- VMFS File System Locking 288
- Locking at SCSI Disk Level 289
- Network Load Balancing 290
- VMware, Inc. 303 291
- VMware, Inc. 305 293
- 306 VMware, Inc 294
- VMware, Inc. 307 295
- 308 VMware, Inc 296
- VMware, Inc. 309 297
- 310 VMware, Inc 298
- Networking 299
- 312 VMware, Inc 300
- Using MAC Addresses 301
- Options 302
- 316 VMware, Inc 304
- Devices 305
- 318 VMware, Inc 306
- Machines 307
- Using Virtual Switches 308
- ! VLAN!tag!handling 309
- ! Checksum!calculations 309
- ! TCP!Segmentation!Offloading 309
- Creating a Virtual Switch 310
- VMware, Inc. 323 311
- Chapter 11 Networking 311
- Using Beacon Monitoring 312
- VMware, Inc. 325 313
- Troubleshooting 314
- VMware ESX Server 315
- Resource Management 315
- 328 VMware, Inc 316
- Improving Performance 317
- 330 VMware, Inc 318
- CPU Resource Management 319
- Admission Control Policy 320
- VMware, Inc. 333 321
- 334 VMware, Inc 322
- Using Hyper-Threading 323
- 336 VMware, Inc 324
- VMware, Inc. 337 325
- 338 VMware, Inc 326
- Using procfs 327
- 340 VMware, Inc 328
- VMware, Inc. 341 329
- Monitoring CPU Statistics 330
- 344 VMware, Inc 332
- Memory Resource Management 333
- Allocating Memory Resources 334
- Allocating Memory Dynamically 336
- VMware, Inc. 349 337
- 350 VMware, Inc 338
- VMware, Inc. 351 339
- 352 VMware, Inc 340
- Service Console Commands 341
- 354 VMware, Inc 342
- VMware, Inc. 355 343
- Monitoring Memory Statistics 344
- VMware, Inc. 357 345
- Using Your NUMA System 346
- Obtaining NUMA Statistics 347
- Automatic NUMA Optimizations 348
- Manual NUMA Optimizations 349
- 362 VMware, Inc 350
- Sizing Memory on the Server 351
- Server Memory 352
- Service Console Memory 352
- Virtual Machine Memory Pool 352
- Virtual Machine Memory 352
- Memory Sharing 353
- Memory Overcommitment 354
- Managing Network Bandwidth 355
- 368 VMware, Inc 356
- Managing Disk Bandwidth 359
- Configuration File Options 360
- Configuration File Examples 361
- 374 VMware, Inc 362
- VMware, Inc. 375 363
- 376 VMware, Inc 364
- VMware, Inc. 377 365
- 378 VMware, Inc 366
- VMware, Inc. 379 367
- 380 VMware, Inc 368
- VMware, Inc. 381 369
- 382 VMware, Inc 370
- VMware, Inc. 383 371
- 384 VMware, Inc 372
- Using the VMware Remote 373
- Starting the Remote Console 374
- VMware, Inc. 157 375
- 158 VMware, Inc 376
- VMware Tools Settings 377
- 160 VMware, Inc 378
- VMware, Inc. 161 379
- 162 VMware, Inc 380
- VMware, Inc. 163 381
- 164 VMware, Inc 382
- VMware, Inc. 165 383
- 166 VMware, Inc 384
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